New diabetes and obesity treatments may arise

Many things can be learned by understanding the molecular biology of how our fat cells use nutrients.
For example, it can reveal why people with diabetes and obesity have problems in fat cell metabolism and help develop new treatments for their conditions.
Nowadays, a new study from the University of California-San Diego (UCSD) and published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology offers fresh clues about which nutrients fat cells process to make fatty acids.
In their study, the team shows that as fat cells develop, they vary the types of nutrients they prepare to grow and make fat and energy.
They watched the metabolism of fat cells from the stage before they are fully differentiated into fat cells through to when they are fully mature fat cells.
The researchers discovered that in the early stages of development - when the fat cells or adipocytes are still in an immature, pre-adipocyte state - they prefer to consume glucose to fuel their growth and make energy.
And as the fat cells mature, they begin to metabolize not only glucose - a simple sugar - but also a more complex set of molecules called branched-chain amino acids. These are a small subset of the amino acids essential for human growth and health.
The researchers also realized that the mature fat cells appear to produce fatty acids, in part, from essential amino acids rather than sugar only.
Using this tracing method, they were able to work out which nutrients the cells metabolized and what they produced at each stage of differentiation - from immature pre-adipocytes to fully mature fat cells.
The discovery is important because people with obesity and diabetes typically have higher levels of branched-chain amino acids in their bloodstream and suggests this could be a result of disruption in their fat cells.

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